Telephone system



Patented Dec. 30, 1924.

CHAR-LES I. GOOD-RUM, OF NEW YORK, N. "5. AS$IGHOR T6 VIZEQ TERNELECTRIC COM- PANY, INCOBPGRATED, OF NEW YORK, 1 -Y.., A CORPOR-ATEONDFNE? TELEPHGNE SYSTEM.

Application filed April 17, 1920. Serial No. 37 15533.

To all wit-omt't'mcy concern.

Be it known that 1, CHARLES L. GoonnUM,

source of power and in part by switches of the' step by-step type.

A feature of the invention relates to a system comprising switches of:thepower driven t )e-tlor extendin ca-llin lines etc C) b 7 lay-stepswitches for furtheri extending said lines and a register con-trollingmechan sm tor controlling the operation oi said'power driven switches,in which acontrol j circuit is provided with a relay therein for sendingimpulses to operate the step-by-step switches with a continuouslyoperating interrupting device for actuating said relay and'ineanscontrolled hythe register mechanism tordetermining the extent ofoperation of said relay.

A fiirtherfeature relates tothe provision of a continuously operatingcircuit interrupting device arranged to operate the relay in the controlcircuit for sending impulses to actuate the step-by-step switches,

together with means also operatedby said device OfClQtGYHHIlIHg thenumber of operations oi saidrelay accordingtothe condition of theregister controlling mechanism.

Other features contemplated by this invention will become apparent from,a consideration of the following description and the appended claims.v

The drawing shows a portion of a telephone exchange system in which thefeatures of the present invention are embodied, certain parts beingillustrated diagrama. distant oiiicet inatically and other partsrelating'mere particularly to the invention being given detail. There isshown a calting suhscribers line tern'iinating in an oi lice equippedwith automatic switches of the continuous-movement or power-d1"iventype. Within the broken rectangle in the lower lefthandcon' ner ofthe drawing. aregister controlling mechanism for controlling theselective movements of the power drivenswit ches is diagrammaticallyrep; sented. There also shown in the first oil ce, the out; oing-.}endof a trunk line andthe associatedmechanisiniforcontrolling};step-hy-step'switchesin The distant-orlice is illustratedatthejright of the vertical broken lineand is equipped with switches ofthe step-by-step type which serve to further extend the trunk lineincoming from the first otlice to called sidiscribers lines. Thecircuits and operating. magnets of the first oi these step-by-stepswitches are shown in detail in thedrawing while asecond'switchrepresented by a set of movable brushes.

The poweredri v-en switches employed in the first office maybe of anysuitable and well-known type" such as shown .and ..de I

scribed in detailin the patent to Polinlrowslqgd o. 1 5365.269. issuedJanuary 11, 1921. l

The register controlling; mechanism which serves to control theoperationof these switches. in ac rd ce with. the revertive impulse.princip may like-wise be of the same design as that disclosedinthe-above patent. Sequence switch lit) used-to .per form the circuitchanging operations in the outgoing end of the interollice trunk, may beof the same construction as thatdescribed in the patent to 37v; olds andBaldwin. No. L127 .808. issued lehruary .9. 1.915; I

The step-by-stqp switches located in the second ofi'ice may bev of anthe oneillustrated in d: l correspending to the switches describediii-the. patent to Polinkowsky No. 1,464,109. issued AugustT, 1923. v i

In the present exchange system which comprises otlices equipped withpowerdriven switches and offices equipped 'with switches.

switches of the step-by-step character, trunk lines interconnectingthese two types of offices are provided to enable the establishment of aconnection between two subscribers lines involving the use of bothpower-driven switches and step-by-step The subscribers lines, such line100, belonging to the first oilice may be extended either manuallythrough the agency of an operator or automati ally as by the use of linefinder, switches to the group selector switch diagrammatically shown inthe drawing. in the present illustration only the brushes 102, 103-3, 10the brush carriage, power magnet 117 and a few other elements of thegroup selector switch are shown. As above noted this switch may besuhstantially the same as the one shown in the patent referred to, No.1,365,269, issued January 11, 1921, and a detail description herein isnot net to an understanding of this invention.

The calling line 100 having been extended to the first group selectorswitch including brushes 102, 103, 104, the calling subscriber proceedsto manipulate his impulse dial to send a series of impulses to positionthe registers of the register controlling mechanism in accordance withthe digits of the desired number. (he semiautomatic type, employingoperators, the operator receives the called line number from thesubscriber and records the same on her keyboard which accomplishes thesame result oi? positioning the registers of the controllingmechanism.

Two of the rontrollmg registers 115 and 116 are out grammatically shownin the drawing, it be- J1 1. l1 mg understood oi course that thecontrolling n'iechanism will comprise as many registers as is necessaryto suit the capacity or the system and serve when positioned to controlthe selective movement of the ant matic switches in the usual manner.

Dependent upon the character of the rec ord registered on thecontrolling mechanism either by the calling subscriber or by anoperator, the first selector switch including brushes 102, 103, 10 1 isoperated to extend the c lling line either to other power-drivenswitches within the me oiiice or in distant oilices or to trunk linesoutgoing to oi'hces equipped with switches of the step-bystep type. Forexample, if the calling subscriber, whose line terminates in the firstoilice, desires to communicate with a subscrioer whose line also belongsto the first oi'lice the character of the record produced on thecontrolling mechanism is such that the brushes 102, 103, 10% of thefirst group selector switch are caused to select a set of terminals 118,119 and 120 representing a trunk lead.- iug to a succeeding groupselector 121, 122, 123. of the power-driven type. According to thecapacity of the oiiice, this succeeding In case the first exchange is ofswitch may be operated to select the called line, either directly orthrough the medium other switches.

it however, the calling subscriber wishes to converse with a subscriberwhose line terminates in a distant office provided with step-by-stepswitches, the registration set up on the controlling mechanism causesthe group selector including brushes 102, 103, 10 i to select theterminals 105, 106, 107 representing the outgoing end of a trunk linewhich leads to such distant oifice. The register controlling mechanismwhich has determined the operation of the power-driven selector switchin accordance with the setting of certain-of its registersnow functionsto control the selective operation of the step-bystep switches inaccordance with the set positions of the remaining registers. The mannerin which the step-by-step switches are directly operated, according tothe numerical desi nations represented on the reg-- ister controllingmechanism, constitutes the subject matter of the present invention andto obtain a clearer understanding thereof a detailed description of theoperation involved will nowv be given.

Assuming? that the subscriber at substation 100 wishes o obtain aconnection With a subscribefis li..e 170 terminating in a distant ofiiceprovided with step-by-step switches, the subscriber at substation 100initiates the call by removing his receiver from the switchhook and hisline is extended as explained, either automatically or by the aid of anoperator to the first group selector switch. The designation of thecalled line 12 is next set up on the registers of the controllingmechanism and the circuits of the first group selector switch preparedfor operating such switch to select the terminals 105,

106, ?.of an idle trunk outgoing to the called oi'iice. During the trunkhunting movement of the group selector, the test brush l0-l'successivelyengages the test terminals 10'. of trunk lines in the desired group toselect an idle one thereof. When test brush 1% encounters the testterminal 107 of an idle trunk line, full battery potential is foundthereon. The test relay 108 is therefore energized in the tollowingcircuit: battery, through the winding of relay 133, terminal 10?, brush10%, left-hand high resistance r-iinding of test relay 108, to ground.Relay 108 energizes by means of its left-hand winding and completescircuit through its right-hand winding, contact and armature and the winding of relay 109, to groiuid. The resistance oi. th ri ht-hand windingof relay 108 and of relay 109 is suihciently low the potential. on themultiples of 10'? so as i render the selected to other switches. Theenergization of the second test relay iii 109serves to open the circuitof power-magnet 117,"bringing the brush carriage to rest, and also causethe'advance ofthe controlling sequence switch (notshown) into a positionfor extendingthe co-nduCtors'llO-and 111 of the fundamental circuit,throughto the out-- going end of the selected trunk in the mannerdisclosed in the above-'i'nentioned Patent No. 1,365,269, issued January11, 1921. The conductors 110 and 111 are extended. over brushes 102 and103 to the trunk circuit by the closure of contacts 162E116l163'Wl11Cl1are operated by the controlling sequence switch.

The relay 133 individual to the outgoing end of the trunk circuit alsooperates in series with the test relays 108 and 109. Relay 133 closes acircuit from" ground through its left-hand armature and front contact;lower left contact 135 (1) of sequences-Witc'h'140, Winding of sequenceswitclrmagnet- 140, to battery-and ground. Thesequen'ce' switch140'1noves from its normal position 1 into position 2. as sequenceswitch 140 reaches position 1 its contacts 124 and 125 are closed-andthe fundamental circuit is completed as follows: Battery, through theWinding of relay 130, Winding of relay 129, lower contact 124 (1% to 2)terminal 105, brush 102, lower contact 162, conductor 110, contact 164,armature and contact of relay 112, winding of the stepping relay 113,conductor 111, upper contact 163, brush 103, terminal 106, lower contact125, (1% to 2), to ground. -Ptelays 130, 129- and 113 all becomeenergized in the circuit described. Relay 129, at its armature andcontact, closes a bridge across the conductors 141 and 142 of theoutgoing trunk circuit. The closure of the trunk causes the energizationof the 1 line relay 143 at the first step-by-step switch in the distantofiiee. The circuit ofrelay 143 may be traced from battery, through theright-hand winding of said relay, back contact and inner left-handarmature of relay 144, conductor 141, upper right-hand winding ofrepeating coil 137, armature and contact of relay 129, lower right-handWinding of repeating coil 137, conductor 142, outer left-hand armatureand back contact of relay 144, left-hand winding of relay143to ground.Relay 143 attracts its armature and closes circuit from battery, throughthe winding of the slow to release relay 145, front contact and armatureof relay 143, contact and outer right-handarmature of relay 144 toground. Relay'145 attracts its armature and prepares the steppingcircuit for the primary operating magnet 147.

Assoon after the closure of'the' fundamental circuit, and the consequentenergize-- 11011, of relay 130, as the continuously operatinginterrupter 132 advances, a metallic segment into engagement With brush165, a circuit is closed from battery, through the contact" andright-hand armature of relay 130, ri ght-ha-nd Winding of relay 131,brush 165, interrupter 132, to ground. Relay 131 operates in thiscircuit and completes a' holding circuit {for itself from battery,through the left-hand Windingof said relay, contact.

and left-hand armature thereofyfront contact and left-hand armature ofrclay 130, to I ground. As soonafter relay 131 has become I energized asa metallic segment of interrupter'132 engages brush 166, a 0112011 11)is estab hshed from battery, through the W-ZlIl-Cllllg V of relay130,"right-hand armature and contact of relay 131,: right-hand armature:and

contact of relay 133,sequence switch contact relays 129 and 113 toground at the, lower contact 125. Relay 129 and stepping relay 113 aretherefore shunted out and release their armatures. It should be notedthat when interrupter 132 first closed on brush 165, a branch circuitwas completed to; 1

ground in exclusion of the relays129and 113. This branch circuithowevery'contained the right-hand Windingof relay 131'Wl110l1 is orsufficiently highresistancevto permit enough current to flow'throughrelays 129 and 113 to maintain their energization.

vVhen, however, the brush 166 is closed on a metallic segment of theinterrupter 132, both relays 129 and 113 are completely shunted out andrelease their armatures.

Relay 113 by deenergizing, completes a circuit from. its contactl andarmature, right-hand Winding of relay 114,- contact and armature ofsaidv relay, and thence to the particular one'of thecontrollingiregisters of the mechanism on which is registered thedesignation pertaining-to the first group.

selection in the distant oflicev The closure of th-is'circuit by the istepping relay'causes theregister to advance'one position in the mannerfully explained inthe above mentioned Patent No.= 1,365,269,issuedJanuary 11,1921. At the sametime that relay 113 deenergizes, relay129. at its armature and contact opens the circuit of the line relay143. Relay 143 retracts its armature and completes a circuit fromground, through the outer right-hand armature and contact of relay .144,armature and back co-ntact of relay 143, inner armature and-front;Contact of relay 145, Winding of relay 146, Winding of the primarystepping magnet 147, to bat teiy and ground. The stepping magnet 147operates toadvance the brushes 153,154-and one step into operativerelation with the first group of trunk terminals. At the first prir' mystep of the switch shaft 167, the offnormal cont-acts 148 f and i 149are-closed. Tlluu-etk e, since relay 146 is energized-an series With theprimary stepping'- magnet,

a circuit is now completed from battery, through the Winding of marginalrelay 150, off-normal contact 148, conductor 168, front contact andarmature of relay 146, contacts and outer armature of relay 145, toground.

* Relay 150 becomes energized in this circuit.

The interrupter 132, continuing to rotate, advances an insulatingsegment into engagement with the brush 166. This removes the shortcircuit from around relays 129 and 113 permitting them to againenergize. Relay 113, by attracting its armature, prepares for theadvance of the controlling register a. second step. Relay 129, byattractits armature, closes the trunk circuit, thus causing theenergization of relay 143. Rela 143 opens the circuit of the steppingmagnet 147 and relay 146. Stepping magnet 147 releases the stepping pawlready to advance the brush shaft another step when again energized. Thecircuits of relays 145 and 146 are alternately openel and closed forbrief intervals'during the intermittent operation of the armature of theline relay 143. Relays 145 and 146, however, are

made slow to release and therefore do not.

become deenergized during the shortopenings of their circuits. .lVhenthe interrupter 132 engages its next metallic segment with brush 166,relays 129 and 113 are again short circuited and deenergized. Relay 113number of times corresponding to the designation registered, thefundamental circuit opened in the well-known manner as by the operationof relay 112. As soon, aft-er the opening of the fundamental circuit atthe controlling mechanism, as the interrupter 132 engages an insulatingsegment with brush 166, relay 130 becomes deenergized and opens theholding circuit of relay 131, which latter relay also releases itsarinatures. Relay 130 completes a circuit from battery through thewinding of sequence switch magnet 140, contact 138 (2), back contact andleft-hand armature of relay 130 to ground. Sequence switch 140 leavesposition 2 and advances into position 13.

While sequenceswitch 140 is moving from position 2 into position 12%,the fundamental circuit is maintained open and relay 129 is deenergized.The trunk circuit, however, is closed at contact 136 when sequenceswitch 140 reaches position 2 and remains closed until said sequenceswitch leaves position 12%. Relay 143 is therefore operated and remainsenergized for a comparatively lou interval. a This interval is so takenas to allord the step-by-step selector switch sutlicient time to performthe maximum number of steps in its trunk hunting operation. "lhe linerelay 143 by remaining energized, opens the circuit of relay 146 for atime long enough to permit such relay to release its armature. Relay 146opens the original energizing circuit of relay 150' but relay 150remains energized by a locking circuit from battery, through the windingof said relay, off-normal contact 148, contact and left-hand armature ofrelay 150, contact and inner armature of the secondary stepping magnet151., contact and outer armature of relay 145 to ground. With relay 150energized, the release of relay 146 closes a circuit for the secondarystepping magnet 151 as follows: battery, through the winding of saidmagnet, right-hand armature and cos tact of relay 150, back contact andarmature of relay 146, contacts and outer armature of relay 145 toground. Magnet 151 becomes energized and advances the brushes 154 and1:55 into engagement with the first set of terminals in the selectedgroup of trunks. Magnet 151, at its inner arn'iaturc and contact, alsoopens the holding circuit of relay 150. Relay 150, releasing itsarmatures, opens the energizing circuit of the stepping magnet 151.lilagnet 151 becomes reenergized and releases its armatures preparatoryto advancing the brushes through a second step. If the first trunk isbusy a ground potential will be presenton the test terminal 158thereof.Relay 150 is therefore energized in a circuit from battery, through thewinding of said relay, contact 148, contact and outer armature of magnet151, back contact and inner righthand armature of relay 144, brush toground at test terminal 158. Relay 150 becomes ener; and again'closesthe operatingcircuit or the stepping magnet 151. Magnet 151 energizesand advances the brushes on to the second set of trunk-terminals. Relay150 is thereby deenergized to open the circuit of the stepping n'lagnetas above described. This procedure continues until the testbrush 155encounters the test terminal 158 of the trunk leading to an idlesucceeding switch. Noground being found on terminal 158 of the idletrunk, the following circuit becomes effective for ener gizing relay144; battery, through the winding of relay 150, off-normal contact 148,contact and, outer armature of magnet 151. winding of relay 144,'contactand outer armature of relay 145 to ground. It will be noticed that thecircuit just traced was closed at each step of the selector brushes butowing .to the shunt path to ground at busy test terminals 158, relay 144did not energize. The shunt path no longer existing around relay 144since the trunk is idle,

' relay 150.

this relay becomes energized in series with The resistance of relay 144is such, however, that the relay 150 remains deenergized, hence theoperating circuit of the secondary stepping magnet is no longer closedand the brushes 153, 154 and 155 are brought to rest in engagement withthe selected set of terminals 156, 157 and 158.

Relay 144 places a ground potential on the line relay (not shown) of thesucceeding switch. After. relay 143 has been deenergized an interval,the slow to release relay 145 releases its armatures. Relay 145 at itsouter armature, opens the original energizingcircuitof relay 144. Relay144however, remains energizedin a circuit from I battery, through thewinding of relay 150,

contact 148, contact and outer armature of I magnet 151, winding ofrelay 144, front contact and inner right-hand armature oi": relay 144,brush 155, terminal 158, and thence to ground at thesucceeding switch.This substitute groundat' the succeeding switch is 'supplied beforerelay 145 has had time to release its ar1natures,as shown and describedin the above mentioned patent to PolinkowskyNo. 1,464,109, issued August7, 1923.

The change-over and trunk-hunting operati onsv of the first step-by-stepselector switch in the distant 011106 have taken place during the timethat sequence switch 140 is moving from position 2 to position 12%.Therefore, the line relay of the secondstepby-step switch, illustratedby the brushes 159, 160 and 161 isenergized due to the closure ofsequence switch contact 136.

'When sequence switch. 140 reaches position 12%, thefundamentalcircuitis again estab lished' for controlling the selective move-' 1118111701the second step-by-step switch in ac- "cordance with thedesignation-registered on the controlling mechanism, Thefundamentalcircuit-being closed at contacts 124 2L11d;.125',relays;130,"129',and' 113 are energized inseries witheach'other. Relay129 immediately closesthe bridge across thetrunkcircuit 141,..142tomaintain the energization' of theline'relay of the second step- 1by-step switch before the trunk circuit can be. opened-at contact 136 assequence switch 140 passes into position Nith relay. 130

energized,-the above traced circuit is closed gizedtocontrol theselective movement of the second step-bystep switch in accordance withthe designation registeredat the controlling mechanism. hen this switchhas taken the proper number of steps, the fun; damental circuit isopened at the controlling mechanism and relay 130 is deenei 'gizedimmediately thereafter. Relay 130 closes a circuit from battery, throughthe winding of sequence switch magnet 140, contact 138 (13), backcontact and left-hand ar1na-' ture of relay 130, I to ground. Sequenceswitch 140 advances from position13 into position 15.' As sequenceswitch 140-passes from position 13% to 14%, the contact 136 is closed'tomaintainthe energization ofthe I line relay at thesecondstep-by-stepswitch. This interval of time is suiiicient to a110,for the change-over operation at the selector switch.

As sequence switch 140 reaches position 14%, contacts 124 and 125againclose the fundamental circuit to cause theenergiza tion of relay 129prior to the opening ofthe trunk circuit at. contact 136.. as, sequenceswitch 140 passes; out ofposition 14%. In position 15 of sequenceswitch140., a second series of impulses areutransmitted' by relay 129 over thetriiiilrcii'cui't to perform the secondary or line selectingoperationiat the step-by-step switch. The fundamental circuit is thenopened at the register controlling mechanism and immediately thereafterrelay 130becomes deenergized and closes the above-traced circuit foradvancing sequence switch 140 out 'of:position15 and into posi-' tion16. In position 16, which is the.t alk-.

ing position of sequence switch 140, the Y 115 calling subscribers lineis extended by way of contacts ,124 and125, totlie leftghand windings ofthe repeating coilql'3' 7i .The

lk ng r uit. n l ding-W ishehleli sequence" switch (not shown) of thepower driven selector switch ad'vancesits contacts 162 and 163 into thetalking positionjfollowing the completion of the controlhngop- 'erationby ;the register mechanism. Talk ing current'is-supplied to the callingline as follows: battery," through the "leift hjand windingof-relay128,-contact 126- (16), contact 124(16) terminal 131115111102,uI'Jper contact 162, upper right-hand winding of repeating coil 101 toground and from the tree pole ct battery through the lower righthandwinding of repeating coil. 101, relay 1.69, lower contact 163, brush103, terminal 1061, contact (16), contact 12'? (3), right-hand windingof relay 128 to ground. Tallringcurrent is supplied to the called linein the usual manner at the final switch in the distant oliice.

At the completion of co versation, the calling subscriber, by replacinghis receiver on the switchhook, initiates the release of thepower-driven switch in the first OiliCO. As the brush carriage is drivento nor test brush 10 i disengages terminal 107 and opens the circuit ofrelay .138. Relay 33 becomes deenergized and completes a circuit frombattery, through the winding of sequence switch magnet 14:0, right-handcontact (2 to 18'), hacl; contact and left hand armature of. relay 133,to ground. Sequence switch 140 leaves position 16 and advances into itsnormal position 1. Sequence switch 140 on leaving position 16, opens thetrunk circuit 141, 142 at contact 136, thereby causing the release ofthe line relay at the last step-by-step switch in the distant oflice.The release of this relay causes in the well-known manner the restoration of the switch to its normal position. The release of the switchincluding brushes 159, 160 and 1'71 removes the ground from testterminal 158. The removal of this ground causes the deenergization oirelay 14: 1. Relay 14 i closes a circuit from ground, through its outerright-hand armature and contact, armature and. back contact of relay143, free armature and back contact of relay 1 15, ed normal contact1&9, winding of release magnet 152, to battery andground. Magnet 152operates in the usual way to cause the restoration of the brush shaft ofthc first selector switch. All apparatushas thus been completelyrestored to its normal position and is ready to be taken in connectionwith subsequent calls.

What is claimed is:

1. In a telephone exchange system, a line, an automatic switch arrangedto be operated in a continuous movement, step-hy-step operated switches,a register controlling mechanism for controlling the operation of saidfirst switch to extend said line to said step-by-step switches, acontrol cirerated switch, a trunk line, a register controlling mechanismfor controlling the operation of said'first switch to extend said lineover said trunk to the step-by-step switch, a control circuit, a relayin said ciicuit under the controlof said mechanism for opening andclosing said trunk to send impulses thereover, means responsive to suchimpulses for operating said step-by step switch to further extend saidline, a continuously driven interrupting device for operating saidrelay, and means operated over said control circuit for determining theextent of operation of said relay.

In a telephone exchange system, a sub scribefs line, an automatic switcharranged to be operated in a continuous movement, a step-by-stepoperated switch, a register controlling mechanism for controlling saidfirst switch to extend the subscribers line to said step-by=stepswitch,acontrol circuit,a relay in said circuitfor sending impulses inaccordance with the setting of said mechanism to operate thestep-by-step I switch for further extending said line, a stepping relayfor said mechanism included in said control circuit, and a continuouslydriven interrupting device for operating both of said rclays, theoperation of said stepping relay serving to determine the extent ofoperation of said first relay.

4. In a telephone exchange system, a subscribers line, an automaticswitch arranged to be operated in a continuous movement, a stcp-by-stepoperated switch. a register controlling mechanism. for control ling saidfirst switch to "extend. the subscribers line to said step-by-stepswitch. a relaying for sending impulses in accordance with the settingof said mechanism to operate said step-by-step switch for furtherextending said line, an energizing circuit for said relay, means forsuccessively sl'nn'iting said relay to cause the operation thereof, andmeans for determining the extent o' operation of said relay.

In a telephone exchange system, a subscribers line, an automatic switcharranged to be operated in a continuous movement. a step-by-stepoperated switch, a register controlling mechanism for controlling saidfirst switch to extend the subscribers line to said step-by-step switch,arelay under the control of said mechanism for sending im pulses tooperate said step-by-step switch for turther extending said line, anenergizing circuit for said relay, an interrupt ing device forsuccessively shunting said relay to cause the operation thereof, andmeans for determining the extent of operation of said relay.

6. In a telephone exchange system, a telephone line, an automatic switcharranged to be operated in a continuous movement, a step-by-stepoperated. switch, a register ill) controlling mechanism for controllingsaid first switch to extend said telephone line to the step-by-stepswitch, a control circuit, a relay in said circuit for sending impulsesto operate the step-by-step switch for further extending said line, astepping relay for said mechanism included in said control circuit, andmeans for successively operation thereof, said stepping relay serv- 10ing by its operation to determine the extent oi operation of said firstmentioned. relay.

In Witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 16th day of AprilA. D., 1920.

CHARLES L. erooInniM; V

